Times tables

Times tables are the multiplication facts up to $12 \times 12$. Knowing them fluently is the foundation of almost all numerical maths.

Key facts to know by heart:

×	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108

Patterns to exploit:

• $\times 9$: multiply by 10 then subtract the number ($9 \times 7 = 70 - 7 = 63$)
• $\times 11$ up to 9: just repeat the digit ($11 \times 7 = 77$)
• $\times 12$: $\times 10$ then $\times 2$, add them ($12 \times 8 = 80 + 16 = 96$)

Times tables underpin long multiplication, division, fractions, and factorising.